DNA HealthDetoxification

Glutathione S-Transferase M1

GSTM1 Insertion/Deletion

GSTM1

Function

GSTM1 Gene Detail

S-transferase M1 is the most biologically active member of the GST super-family and is involved in Phase II detoxification in the liver. It is responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens, and products of oxidative stress by conjugating reactive intermediates with glutathione to produce less reactive, water-soluble metabolite that can be readily excreted.

GSTM1

Variant

GSTM1 Insertion/Deletion

Gene deletion has a 50% frequency.

Most biologically active member of the GST super-family.

Involved in phase 2 detox in the liver.

It is responsible for the removal of xenobiotics, carcinogens, and products of oxidative stress by conjugating active intermediate compounds with glutathione to produce less reactive, water soluble metabolite that can be readily excreted.

If there is a deletion of this gene, there is:

  • Reduced capacity for hepatic detox.
  • Increased risk for various cancers, chemical sensitivity, coronary artery disease in smokers, and atopic asthma.
  • Deficits in lung function.

If the activity of the GST enzymes is enhanced, then the products of Phase I metabolism will be excreted more rapidly from the body, and therefore are less likely to interact with the DNA and proteins of the cells. This is particularly important when carcinogens are activated in Phase 1 metabolism.

GSTM1

Interventions

If there is a deletion:

  • Diet rich in antioxidants.
  • Minimise toxin exposure.
  • Increase cruciferous and allium vegetable intake. GST enzyme activity is induced partly by the breakdown of products from both cruciferous vegetables, DIM extract and allium vegetables.

GSTM1

Articles

Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China

Moy et al, 2009.